Reverse Counting of US Exploitation

Before looking forward at the 21st century, we have to look at the 20th century. The question is who is the conqueror of the 20th century? The answer is Emperor United States. Will the conqueror of the 21st century again be Emperor United States? Time will decide!

However, before proceeding further, we have to review the factors that made the United States the conqueror of the 20th century after becoming a superpower in 1945. Prior to the United States, the sun of the British Empire never set. Its entire colonies got mutated to the United States.

Big Achievements
There are three big achievements because of which the United States became the conqueror of the 20th century:

1. Inventing nuclear bomb and annunciating the phenomenon of its superpower by bombing innocent citizens of Japan.

2. Devising the new method of enslaving people of the world discreetly, instead of openly, and by sloganeering peace, independence, and democracy. The concept of secret or clandestine slavery was devised with utmost shrewdness. Through this method, people's conscience was enslaved to ransack and plunder resources of nations. One can imagine the power of this discreet slavery that in the First World War (1914 to 1917), Germany had to face defeat. Despite this, in 20 years' time, Germany became a superpower and in 1939, it ravaged the entire world. The reason was that in those times, the technique of discreet slavery was not prevalent.

The conquerors of discreet slavery are so inclement that after facing defeat in the Second World War and passing of 65 years, Germany is still a US colony. What to talk of Third World and Muslim nations, prime ministers of developed countries like Japan and Britain first became the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) agents, and then took the oath of prime ministership. The French president first became an agent, and then took the oath of presidentship. European countries barring France and Britain, in spite of being developed countries, cannot make nuclear weapons since there is no permission. The job of these developed countries is to assist and support the United States on global platform. The biggest US enemy in the Third World is Muslim countries. Despite making them its slaves, the United States always remains worried for any probable threat of voice for independence. Despite this persecution and slavery, in the 20th century, revolutionaries like Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Muammur Gaddafi, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Ayatollah Khomeini stood up to challenge this tyrant. Anyhow, we will not talk much about the 20th century as our topic is the 21st century.

In December 1979, the Soviet Union captured Afghanistan. The United States did not have courage to face the Soviet Union. Therefore, it put across its slaves or puppets of Muslim countries. This Cold War slowly converted into the Third World War, culminating in the Soviet Union's defeat at the hands of Muslim slaves, and master United States.

Order of Nature
The Soviet Union was later disintegrated into 16 divisions. This incident made the United States the conqueror of the 20th century. The United States could have contented on this conquest, and would have freed the suffering masses of the world from the clutches of exploitation, tyranny, injustice, and miseries.

On contrary, the United States opted to become the emperor of the 21st century. It engaged its think tank's entire machinery on this project. With this, the first step was to disintegrate Muslim countries through its enslaved agents, for which the fall of the World Trade Tower in New York was used. The United States invaded Iraq, and then Afghanistan, but in the meantime, Iran's president announced his nuclear power, which created trepidation and fuss in CIA cadres. This was the order of nature aimed to make Muslims the conqueror of the 21st century.

Mysterious Domain
Although this decision is in mysterious domain, but the clairvoyant can visualize it. The life of the United States is hidde n in the parrot of Israel. This parrot is now under target from all directions. The height of US demerit can be measured from the fact that a handful of Hezbollah cadres debunked and thrashed Israel, and the Emperor United States was a silent spectator, along with its technology and satellite capabilities. Now, the question is whether the discreet slavery will continue in the 21st century? For this, we see two groups face-to-face. On one side are the oppressors, and on the other side are the oppressed classes.

We can imagine that the US end will be worse than that of Soviet Union, but we have to see things practically. The United States accumulated wealth through devastation and plunder, which is not a sign of stability. Russian warships getting rusted at sea are indicating that military power is aimless. By 2050, the US fate will reach its logical conclusion. In the 21st century, each country will possess nuclear power, not to terrorize others but to safeguard themselves. There will be no superpower to loot and plunder, and people's dignity and independence will prevail.

Withdrawal of US Forces From Afghanistan May Put Pakistan at Risk

The tragedy of the Pakistani rulers and leaders is that while in power they say something and after being ousted from power they go abroad and their rhetoric undergoes a change. When Benazir Bhutto was the prime minister, she often issued "anti-India" statements and like her father, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, she had been harping on the Kashmir issue.

While in power she never uttered a world against hardliners and fanatic elements that dominated the whole of Pakistan. After losing power, she lived abroad on deportation. She would tell the media in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Dubai that normalization of relations between India and Pakistan was extremely imperative for peace in South Asia. Prior to the last elections in Pakistan when she returned home, she addressed foreign journalists and said she was extremely critical of militants, describing them as fatal for the region.

Present Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari, during his foreign tours, made similar statements against the Taliban and other extremists. But when back in his country, he gives "anti-India" statements and blames India for terrorist activities and gives a clean chit to the main conspirator of the Mumbai attack, Hafiz Mohammad Saeed.

Former Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif is the only Pakistani ruler who perceived the ground realities and took practical steps to improve relations between India and Pakistan and invited former Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee to Lahore. A resolve was taken to settle the Kashmir problem and other bilateral issues through talks. But Musharraf, who was the Pakistani Army chief, started the Kargil war and upset the peace efforts.

Support to Militant Organizations
Former Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf captured power through a military coup. He instigated the Taliban government in Afghanistan and extended patronage to Al-Qa'ida and other anti-India organizations during his term as Pakistan president. The attacks on the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly and the Indian Parliament were carried out during his term.

The Pakistani intelligence agency, Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), extended full support to militant organizations and the Taliban in Afghanistan were provided directions by the Pakistani military officers. Then, Musharraf's intention was to achieve access to the Middle East via Afghanistan. Yet, his game was spoiled due to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in New York and Washington. He was constrained to join the global war on terror when Bush reprimanded him. Under the UN pressure, he had to rein in militant outfits. But, even thereafter, Musharraf continued to play double games.

While the ISI and the Pakistani military bolstered the Taliban, organizations such as the Lashkar-e-Taiyiba went on with their activities by changing their names. Musharraf remained in a mode of denial of the existence of militant training camps on the Pakistani soil and the infiltration along the border with India, but simultaneously went ahead with bolstering militants. So far so, Musharraf received US aid to the tune of billions of dollars. It was during his term that the leaders of the United States and other countries of the world termed Pakistan as a nursery of terrorism.
Change of Power in Pakistan
Finally, in the wake of change in power in Pakistan, Musharraf had to flee to the United Kingdom and now the possibility of his return to Pakistan is ruled out. After meeting journalists in foreign countries, Musharraf has now realized the stark reality and in a statement in Washington recently, he said, "President Obama Barack administration has reportedly planned to withdraw forces from Afghanistan within a year but there is no truth in that.

For peace and stability in the region it is imperative to defeat the Taliban and the continued presence of the US forces is extremely essential to crush the Taliban there." It is the first time that Musharraf has spoken the right thing in no uncertain terms.

Taliban suicide attacks in Afghanistan are causing huge loss of life and property. If the US and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces withdraw from Afghanistan without the elimination of the Taliban and Al-Qa'ida, the very survival of Pakistan and Afghanistan will be jeopardized and peace and stability in the region will be shattered, thereby creating a serious threat to the whole world.

India-Pakistan Dispute and Mediation by Saudi Arabia

Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh is on a visit to the Saudi Arabia, but even prior to the details being made available on the visit, a statement made by Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi Tharoor has come into limelight that has received widespread condemnation. The delegation accompanying the prime minister includes Tharoor.

Addressing the media persons at Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, he stressed that the help of Saudi Arabia needs to be sought in settling the India-Pakistan dispute. This led to a ruckus in political circles in India.

Intervention of Third Party
All those political parties that are against any kind of mediation from a third country in the dispute between India and Pakistan geared up to attack Tharoor. During Holi when colors should be used, the game of mudslinging started. All these political leaders who, perhaps, continue to be present in the offices of TV channels immediately came before the cameras to spit venom against him.

They all began to condemn him, saying that to make Saudi Arabia a mediator in the India-Pakistan dispute has broken an age-old tradition. These leaders maintained that the intervention of a third party in the India-Pakistan disputes would harm India's interests.

Reason Behind Opposition
The main reason behind the opposition to Tharoor's suggestion is that all politicians in Pakistan continue to harp that some third country should mediate between the countries to get their dispute resolved. Saudi Arabia is the third country, after the United States and the United Kingdom, which would be greatly welcomed by Pakistani politicians if it dons the mantle of a mediator.

Readers may recall that in the wake of the India-Pakistan war 1965, the then Soviet Union played the role of a mediator and an agreement was reached between the then Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and Pakistani President General Ayub Khan at Tashkent (Shastri passed away within hours of signing the agreement).

After the 1971 war, India refused to accept the mediation from a third country. India asked the then Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to visit India to hold peace talks. Consequently, the Shimla Accord was signed. Since then politicians in Pakistan adopted the stand that whenever there was any dispute between the countries, they endeavored to get it resolved by bringing a third country as a mediator. Yet, India continued to maintain that there was no need of a third party to mediate between them. So much so Indians do not even like to hear such a thing from anyone. That is why when Tharoor was said to have maintained that Saudi Arabia should act as a mediator between India and Pakistan, guns were set against him and politicians enjoying Holi holidays forgot about the celebration and plunged into the political arena.

After the ruckus began to take an ugly overture, Tharoor wrote on Twitter that journalists could not grasp his English. Explaining, he said that he had used the word, "interlocutor" which is not the same as a "mediator." He added the word interlocutor stands for a person who conveys the message from one person to another.

He said that both Pakistan and Saudi Arabia are bosom friends and, therefore, Saudi Arabia can act as an effective interlocutor. The dictionary meaning of the interlocutor in the Urdu dictionary is a person who participate din question and answer while the English dictionary says that an interlocutor is a person who conveys the message from one government to the other and also the reply from that government to the former one. Clearly, it is no mediation. Indeed, it is a kind of a help under which the two governments concerned can easily comprehend each other.

Possible Help to Taliban
As far as Saudi Arabia is concerned, it is the second largest and major US ally, after Israel in the Middle East, while Pakistan is the major US ally in South Asia. Friendship between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan is very deep. It would, therefore, be more then happy to act as a messenger in the dialogue between India and Pakistan.

It is common knowledge that once Saudi Arabia extended all possible help to the Taliban. It was the first country in the world that recognized the Taliban government in Afghanistan, yet the Taliban were sworn enemies of the United States. Relations between Saudi Arabia and the Taliban turned sour and the Taliban began to target Saudi Arabia for terrorism. In the same way, Pakistan had also not only extended all help to the Taliban but also nurtured them. Now, the Taliban are Pakistan's deadliest enemy. The Taliban are India's enemies since their inception. That is why Saudi Arabia at least can extend some help to India in dealing with the threat from the Taliban.

Time Ahead
Tharoor has been a successful diplomat and has held the office of the UN under secretary general. He understands international issues very well. Therefore, instead of targeting him for his assertion, there is the need to test it on the criteria of international interests. Neither the External Affairs Ministry nor the prime minister office has reacted to it, yet.

Yet, news agencies have issued news items with reference to the prime minister office that the government is greatly surprised at the statement made by Tharoor. The situation may become clear only after the prime minister returns from Saudi Arabia or a statement issued after the conclusion of the visits. The prime minister may explain the issue to the media persons accompanying him.

India-Pakistan Talks: A Review

A number of problems between Pakistan and India have been awaiting solution since the partition of the Indian-Pakistani subcontinent. Major problems among these are Kashmir, Sir Creek, distribution of water, Siachen Glacier, and now terrorism is also a problem that has contributed to widening of the gulf between the two countries.

In addition to leadership-level talks between the two countries, dialogues were also held at ministerial and secretaries level between the two countries during the last 63 years to solve the problems. During the course of time, wars were also fought, which broadened the gulf of mistrust further, and the Mumbai attacks in the year 2008 pushed the level of mistrust to an extreme end.

The latest, the foreign secretary-level talks between Indian Foreign Secretary Nirupama Rao and her Pakistani counterpart Salman Bashir was held after a long time, which ended without any positive results. The Pakistani Government is making efforts to resolve the Kashmir issue and other disputes. However, the Indian Government's stance was limited to talks on terrorism only. Now, these talks again proved meaningless and serving no purpose, and became a thing of the past like those held previously.

Salman Bashir declined to hand over the mastermind of the Mumbai terror attacks, Hafiz Mohammad Saeed, to India, saying that it is futile to link the Hafiz Saeed issue with the dialogue process. Meanwhile, Indian Foreign Secretary Nirupama Rao raised the terrorism issue at the talks with Salman Bashir and demanded the arrest of Hafiz Saeed because India has been the victims of terrorism attacks from the Pakistani side since a long time. India also entrusted to Pakistan a dossier of the list of 40 terrorists, but whether Pakistan would make any comment on it, is doubtful.

The manner in which the two sides were engaged in filling the blanks shows that the dialogue was held without much preparation. Those who consider this to be another failure of India's foreign policy cannot be totally dismissed. This is because our rival country, which had made India agree to talks even if that meant coming to New Delhi, seems to have been successful in claiming this to be a diplomatic victory. It could achieve this feat without changing its viewpoint after 26 November 2008.

Ministerial Level Talks
The first session of Pakistan-India ministerial level talks was held on 27 December 1962 in Rawalpindi. Pakistan was represented by Foreign Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and India by its Foreign Minister Suran Singh. These six-phase talks concerning the Kashmir issue remained inconclusive. The second phase of these talks was held in New Delhi from 16 to 19 January 1963, while the third phase from 8 to 11 February ended inconclusive in Karachi. However, it was decided to hold one more meeting in Calcutta (Kolkata) to find new ways for solution to the problem. Hence, the fourth phase of talks kicked off on 11 March in Calcutta where the proposal of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was agreed on, saying the Kashmir problem should be solved on the basis of economy and not religion. Yet, no permanent solution to the problem was reached, and it was decided to take the matter forward and holding of another session of talks was agreed.

Meanwhile, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru once again emphasized on solution to the Kashmir and other issues. The fifth phase of ministerial-level talks began in Karachi on 22 April 1963, which ended without yielding any results. The sixth and last phase of these talks began in New Delhi on 15 May 1963, which proved unsuccessful on 16 May when Pakistan suggested making the Kashmir an international issue. In this way, these ministerial-level talks comprising six phases concluded without yielding any results.

There had been no ministerial or diplomatic contact between the two countries for almost seven years; rather, India attacked Pakistan in 1971, resulting in disintegration of the country into two parts (inception of Bangladesh); Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and the Indian prime minister signed Shimla Pact thereafter.

On 31 July 1971, the Pakistan-India diplomatic staff held bilateral negotiations at Rawalpindi to bring the political situation to normalcy. On 29 November 1974, the diplomats from the two countries held negotiations at New Delhi to remove ban from the bilateral trade, imposed in 1965. On 24 January 1975, Pakistan and India signed a trade agreement at Islamabad. Negotiations on Pakistan-India trade were arranged at Karachi from 12 to 13 January 1976.

The Indian cricket team, after a 17-year gap, came to Pakistan on a two-month long tour on 24 April 1978. On 4 February 1980, Indian Foreign Secretary R.D. Sethi along with a four-member delegation came to Pakistan to hand over Indira Gandhi's letter to President Ziaul Haque, in which meetings with Pakistani Foreign Secretary S. Shah Nawaz for bringing relationships of both the countries to normalcy and situation of Afghanistan were discussed.

Pakistani Foreign Minister Ghulam Ishaq Khan and his Indian counterpart Narasimha Rao held a two-phase meeting on 10 June 1981, in which discussions were made on the international situation and the bilateral relationships. Pakistan and India held negotiations on No-War Pact and bilateral relationships on 30 January 1982.

Pakistani Foreign Minister Yaqub Khan held a 50-minute meeting with his Indian counterpart Bali Ram Bhagat to discuss bilateral relationships. The second round of this meeting was held in New Delhi on the issue of Siachen Glacier.

In October 1978, the two countries arranged negotiations at Islamabad on the Wooler Barrage dispute. On 31 December 1988, multiphase meetings were held between Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and her Indian counterpart Rajiv Gandhi. On 1 January 1989, Benazir Bhutto and Rajiv Gandhi signed three bilateral accords: No attack on each another, solution of bilateral taxation dispute, and cultural cooperation.

Secretary-Level Negotiations
The first round of the secretary-level negotiations between the two countries was held at Islamabad on 17 July 1990, in which Foreign Secretary Tanvir Ahmed Khan represented Pakistan, while Indian Foreign Secretary Machkana Darbe represented his country. These negotiations were of seven phases. The second round was held in New Delhi from 10 to 11 August 1990, third round in Islamabad between Pakistani Foreign Secretary Sheheryar Khan and his Indian counterpart Machkana Darbe and J.N. Dixit from 18 to 20 December 1990 and seventh round in Islamabad from 2 to 3 January 1994.

In these negotiations, which were held after a 17-month gap, nuclear nonproliferation, Kashmir, and Siachen disputes and reduction of weapons were discussed. However, these negotiations didn't bear any fruit. On 28 March 1997, Pakistan-India negotiations at the foreign secretary-level resumed in New Delhi after the lapse of three years. Shamshad Ahmed Khan represented Pakistan, while Salman Haider represented India. The second round of these talks was held in Islamabad from June 19 to 22 1997.

Negotiations at the foreign secretary-level restarted at Islamabad on 15 October 1998 after a gap of 13 months, in which Shamshad Khan represented Pakistan, while Raghunath participated from the Indian side. Discussions were made for the restoration of confidence building environment. As a result of these meetings, Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee visited Pakistan in 1999.

In 2003, the Pakistan-India contacts were restored at the foreign secretary-level, in which the India forwarded 12 suggestions for confidence building and stress was laid on the reopening of land, water and air routes. Pakistan showed positive response to almost all of the suggestions. However, it partially rejected one of the suggestions, and also imposed some conditions.

Also, in addition to this, four suggestions were presented from Pakistan's side: Increase in the number of delegation staff and starting Lahore-Amritsar bus service in place of increase in number of buses on Lahore-Delhi route were suggested. On 6 January 2004, a meeting was held between General Pervez Musharraf and Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee during the SAARC leaders' conference in Islamabad where both of them agreed to hold purposeful negotiations in February for restoration of relationships.

As a result, negotiations at the secretary-level were held from 15 to 17 February 2004 in Islamabad, which broke down the three-year deadlock. The second round of these talks started in Islamabad from 27 to 28 December 2004, in which Foreign Secretary Riaz H. Kokar represented Pakistan, and from the Indian side Foreign Secretary Shyam Saran forwarded 20 suggestions for restoration of confidence over strategic and regional issues and the Kashmir dispute.

This peace process fell in jeopardy after the seven bomb explosions in Mumbai trains on 11 July 2006, in which approximately 200 people were killed. As expected, India put the responsibility of the explosions on Pakistan and talks at the foreign secretary-level were halted. And it is also said that the Pakistani diplomatic staff was deported from India. However, the deferment lasted for a very little duration and, once again, negotiations started at the foreign secretary-level in New Delhi from 14 to 15 February 2006. In the third phase of this meeting, the Khokhrapar Monabao border was opened on 1 February 2007.

An agreement was signed in March 2007 to prepare combined mechanism against terrorism. However, important, complicated and solution-seeking issues between the two countries remained unresolved. And most importantly, India kept rolling back on its own 12 suggestions that it had forwarded for confidence restoration in October 2003.

During the SAARC Council of Ministers meeting on 7 December 2007 in New Delhi, Pakistani Caretaker Foreign Minister Inamul Haq met his Indian counterpart Pranab Mukherjee and emphasized on negotiations. Indian Foreign Minister Pranab Mukherjee visited Pakistan from 21 to 22 May 2008, and another meeting was held in Islamabad for the evaluation of the fourth round of Pakistan-India negotiations.

On 27 June 2008, Pakistani Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi visited India and invited his counterpart for negotiations, after which the fifth phase of negotiations at the foreign secretary-level started on 21 July 2008. Under these negotiations, friendly cooperation in various sectors was ensured and discussions were made on suggestions of availability of resources for easy issuance of visas and increasing people-to-people contacts.

Pakistan and India agreed for confidence rebuilding over the Kashmir dispute and steps for amalgamation of the divided families. However, no agreements over the Kashmir dispute and other issues came to forth.

Disastrous Point
26 November 2008 proved to be a very fatal day for the Pakistan-India peace process when approximately 170 people lost their lives in the massive terrorist activities in the Indian city of Mumbai. India held Pakistan responsible for these activities and one again the negotiation process suspended. And now India is laying stress on negotiations only over the agenda of terrorism.

And news published in various dailies show the bias that India at the moment does not want to deviate from its stance and talk about other issues. One this occasion, we are recalling/remembering these words of the Indian prime minister, which he had spoken on 12 July 2001 for war: "If India and Pakistan remain busy in peaceful and sincere bilateral negotiations for removing mutual differences, then none of the problems could linger unresolved."
Assessment
If the responsible people sitting on the negotiations tables recall these words of Vajpayee, without any doubt, peaceful environment will be established in the region, which will guarantee development of all.

The most important aspect of the 25 February talks is that Pakistan's foreign secretary came here and our foreign secretary talked to him. Even if both of them repeated their old allegations full of resentment, at least it broke the silence. It should be noted here that during the time when formal talks between the governments remain stopped, politicians on both sides spread much more hatred among their people. Before leaving, Pakistani foreign secretary extended an invitation to the Indian foreign secretary to come there. We must continue this sequence.

To conclude, I am also recalling a quote of Jawaharlal Nehru, which he had uttered soon after independence: "A prosperous and secure Pakistan would benefit India; with which (Pakistan) we can establish close and friendly relations." In the light of these words, India should not miss this opportunity at any cost. And it (India) should take such steps that help Pakistan become a stable and prosperous country, so that it also has positive impact on India.

Pakistan's Antics Against India as Attempts To Cover Up Failures

Pakistani Interior Minister Rehman Malik has once again made a mockery of India by saying that the Indian intelligence agency Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is extending support to terrorist activities in Pakistan. He added: "We are investigating into the role of this intelligence agency into creating unrest in Baluchistan."
A few months ago when Pakistan leveled such an allegation, India commented in the October 2009 editorial that Pakistan is trying to be smart by concealing its failure to foil the attempts by terrorist groups like the Taliban to spread violence in its territory. The discerning Pakistani public also is aware how their leadership is misleading them by indulging in falsehood.

Nefarious Aggressive Designs of Pakistan
There exists a general belief in India that "We wish we could retaliate nefarious aggressive designs of Pakistan then we would not have been subjected to terrorist violence spread across India." In fact, India faltered when it agreed to the incorporation of the reference to the Baluchistan issue in the joint statement issued by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Pakistani Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani at Sharm-el Sheikh wherein it was stated that terrorism will not be included in the "composite dialogue with Pakistan." In this context, Manmohan Singh put forward the explanation, "how will Pakistan prove our involvement in Baluchistan when we are doing nothing there?"
Nevertheless, this provided an opportunity to Pakistan to level the charge against India. Malik even started saying that Pakistan is in possession of hard evidences of India's involvement in Baluchistan and the same can be produced before India at any forum. Notwithstanding all such claims, Pakistan has failed to bring them forward before India.

India's Non-Violence Approach
India is known for its history that even as it propagated its spiritualism and knowledge through saints and sages. Yet, it never mounted any military offensive in any part of the world. On contrary, the monarchs of India have been such that King Ashoka, extremely distressed over widespread bloodshed in the battle of Kalinga, abandoned the sword and adopted the path of non-violence by embracing Buddhism.
Prithviraj Chauhan pardoned Muhammad Ghori who invaded India 17 times and paid the penalty for his forgiveness when he was defeated in Ghori's 18th invasion. He was taken captive and his eyes were extracted. The Mughals invaded India and they settled here. In 1947, when Pakistan attacked Kashmir and when the Indian forces marched forward by pushing back Pakistan, Jawaharlal Nehru, showing magnanimity, affected the cease-fire and took the issue to the United Nations. As a consequence, one-third of Kashmir remained under illegal occupation of Pakistan.
In 1971, Indira Gandhi, exhibiting large heartedness and a sense of pardon, released 90,000 Pakistani troops captured by India. She displayed this quality of forgiveness when at the Shimla Conference Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto made entreaties to her saying, "With what face I will go before the Pakistanis empty handed."
Atal Behari Vajpayee also, in the wake of terrorist attack on Parliament, declared to go for a "do or die" war. Diplomatic relations with Pakistan were severed, air, road, and rail services were suspended, but later forces were withdrawn from the border. Exhibiting magnanimity, after some time all these services that remained suspended were resumed ultimately. In the name of "Hindi Chini Bhai Bhai" slogan, China grabbed 60,000 sq. mile territory of India. Even now it indulged in incursions along the Indian border. We are promoting trade ties with it, but failed to regain our territory.
In so far as the intelligence agencies is concerned, they failed to give advance input to the government with regard to terrorist attacks on the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly, nor for that matter Parliament. They could not gather advance information regarding terrorist attacks on Delhi and Mumbai either. Had our successive governments and the intelligence agencies the potential to carry out any kind of aggressive action we would have long ago resolved the Kashmir problem and wiped out terrorist training camps being run in Pakistan.
The Pakistani prime minister and the interior minister are deliberately terming India valiant. But, notwithstanding all this, if Pakistan is doing so in order to cover up its failures, then India also is helpless.
Nonetheless, such statements must delight the Indian Government and those RAW officials who are being awarded such a big certificate of creating unrest and disturbance in Pakistan even after their actually doing nothing in that country.

Pakistan At 62

August is a blessed month as 62 years ago a new Muslim country appeared on the world map in the form of Pakistan. The creation of Pakistan was nothing short of a miracle as it was created after thousands of sacrifices. When the time to get rid of the British rule in India came, Hindus began to think that they will now have the opportunity to rule Muslims.

According to the world acclaimed system of politics, democracy, Muslims would have been in minority, while Hindus would have fulfilled their dreams of ruling India as they formed the significant majority. This thinking of Hindus was gauged by the visionary personality of Allama Iqbal and he brought forward Qaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah for the leadership of the Muslim League. Thus, it was because of the efforts and pains taken by Qaid-e-Azam and the Muslim League that Pakistan was created.

Separate Homeland of Indian Muslims
After a period of seven years since the Pakistan resolution, Pakistan was created and hence the dream of a separate homeland for the Indian Muslims was fulfilled. After the creation of Pakistan, thousands of Muslims had to migrate from India to Pakistan. During this journey Hindus and Sikhs began killing Muslims and they did not even spare women, elderly people or children. The ones who were spared of their atrocities were able to reach Pakistan. This migration reminded us of the Migration from Mecca to Medina by the holy Prophet Mohammad.

A lot of people migrated to Pakistan just for the sake of Islam. The Pakistani people also replicated the Ansars of Medina and welcomed the Mohajirs with open hands; hence a new Pakistan began its life journey. The country was established for the sake of Islam, but it has largely remained the domain and politics of the Muslim cleric, chants of the opportunists and in the hearts of ordinary Muslims.

Basis of Ideology
The country was created for the sake of democracy, but it largely became subservient to the wishes of the Army, who ruled over the country for more than half the time since the existence of Pakistan. This country was established on the basis of an ideology, but it was broken down into parts. By losing Bangladesh, we allowed Indira Gandhi to critically state that she has dumped the ideology of Pakistan in the Arabian Sea and has taken revenge for being under the slavery of Muslims for years. The man who raised the slogan that "we will live here, while you live there" received a lot of appreciation for holding an Islamic Conference in the remaining Pakistan, while, in fact, it was organized to recognize Bangladesh. Politicians have always proven to be incompetent. That is why the Army gets an opportunity to come to power, however, the interesting thing is that the idea of municipal level democracy (basic democracy) has always been put forward by the Army generals, while the politicians have been wary of holding elections within their own party so that their dominance within the party does not wither away.

Derive Personal Gains
Religious cleric, generals, clerks, or politicians, and even every person working in any capacity have looted the country to derive personal gains. The way the country has remained into existence is nothing short of a miracle. Despite looting and incompetence, some good people have also come to this country and God has taken the desired work from them.

If you take the example of Ayub Khan among the dictators, he achieved a great feat by establishing a new city in the form of Islamabad and making it the federal capital, he built the Tarbela and Mangla dam, and he is credited for discovering the popular leader Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. He used to call Ayub "daddy", although later he stood up against him and became a popular leader. Bhutto achieved the feat of flour and sugar shortage in the country and in addition, he did great damage to the country by nationalizing the domestic business enterprises and educational institutes.

Under the garb of feudalism, Bhutto raised the slogan of "Roti, Karpa or Makan" and made the common man stand in queues for daily commodities. Despite numerous faults, he had charismatic leadership abilities and is credited for creating political awareness among the masses. The 1973 constitution is an achievement of Bhutto and the will to create a nuclear weapon for Pakistan even if the citizens of the country will be made to have grass to sustain itself is another of his accomplishments. Steel mill, atomic program, the 1973 constitution, and giving the proletariat an identity are the achievements of Bhutto, but he was too hungry for power and this hunger led to the separation of Pakistan. If he would have allowed the assembly session after the elections to take place in Dhaka, Pakistan would not have split into two halves. The same lust for power forced him to commit the heinous crime of rigging the elections in September and General Zia-ul-Haq benefited from this stubbornness of Bhutto. Gen Zia was once the blue eyed boy of Bhutto, but once Gen Zia saw the opportunity he lunged on to power by pushing aside Bhutto. Despite being a dictator, Gen Zia showed good political acumen and he had complete control over the affairs of the country for a decade. Gen Zia tried to Islamicise the Army and shut down any alcohols dens in the Army to infuse the spirit of Islam in them. He became the heartthrob of the Muslim world by supporting Afghanistan in the war against Russia. After the death of Gen Zia, democratic era came back to the country, as Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif jostled for power between each other. The public became dissatisfied with these democratic governments and they also failed to complete the tenure of their respective governments.

Rule of Dictatorship
In Pakistan, democratic governments and military dictatorships repeated past mistakes, which led to their downfall. During the past decade, a military dictator came at the helm of power after sending Nawaz Sharif to exile. Apparently, he looked like a person who is a panacea to all ills in the country, but his actions have shown that he caused the most damage to the country as compared to other national rulers. Former President Pervez Musharraf prevented Nawaz Sharif from returning back to the country, he also benefited from the self exile of Benazir Bhutto. He experimented with new strategies that shook the foundations of the country. He washed in blood the whole area from Waziristan to Red Mosque, and sowed such seeds of lawlessness that his descendants are cutting the harvest.

Nawaz Sharif and Benazir Bhutto displayed exemplary understanding by apologizing for the past grievances and dispute between them and prepared a document like the charter of democracy. Although, this was not acceptable to fate and the antistate elements and they removed Benazir Bhutto from the way and when the time for Musharraf to leave power came he handed over the governance to people who are strictly adhering to his policies.

Numerous Ups and Downs
The past 62 years of Pakistan have witnessed numerous ups and downs, but the county was able to progress in the right direction, although at a snail pace. A dictator like Ayub Khan gave the country a new capital and dam projects, while a political leader like Nawaz Sharif constructed the motorway, laid down the foundations of the Gwadar port, and established new airports in Karachi and Lahore.

The creation of Pakistan was not an easy feat since it was not acceptable to both the British and Hindus. It was only acceptable to the supreme creator, God. Hence, God has taken the mantle of protecting this country. That is why false intentions of India have not been backed up with actions on the ground.

Nuclear and Missile Development
Pakistan may be in a pathetic state, but it was blessed to have a great scientist like Abdul Qadeer Khan. The nuclear program was initiated by Ayub Khan, which was ably carried forward by Bhutto and finally Nawaz Sharif carried out the atomic bombs in reply to those done by India. The missile capacity of Pakistan is even perceived as a threat by Israel, and Al-Khalid is also a much talked about missile in the world. Unfortunately corruption, nepotism, and the failure to adhere to merit standards have not allowed the institutions to properly grow in the country.

In the past few years, the media have also become mature and independent and they have started creating awareness in the public. The media played a frontline role in the lawyer movement against the maligned intentions of Musharraf and now the judiciary has become an independent and important institution that is playing a key role in the country. It is hoped that this process of awareness will continue and the common people will be more honest and responsible in the selection of its elected representatives. As a result of this the institutions in the country will strengthen and hence the country will become more powerful.